Reporting Verbs for English Language Learners

Reporting verbs are verbs that serve to report what someone else has said. Reporting verbs are different than the reported speech in that they are used to paraphrase what someone has said. Reported speech is used when reporting exactly what someone has said. To do this, use  say and tell. John told me he was going to stay late at work.Jennifer told Peter she had lived in Berlin for ten years. Peter said he wanted to visit his parents that weekend.My friend said he would finish his work soon. Other verbs used with reported speech include mention and comment. Here are some examples: Tom mentioned he enjoyed playing tennis.Alice mentioned she could take care of the kids this weekend. The teacher commented the students werent getting their homework done on time.The man commented he felt tired after such a long journey. When using reported speech, change the verb used by the original speaker to match your usage. In other words, if you report using said, you need to move everything back one step into the past. There are also pronoun changes and time cue changes that need to be made as appropriate in reported speech.   I like playing tennis. - Tom mentioned he liked playing tennis.  I have lived in Berlin for ten years. - Jennifer told Peter she had lived in Berlin for ten years.   Say and tell are the most common reporting verbs used to report what others have said. However, there are a number of other reporting verbs which can more accurately describe what someone has said. These verbs take a variety of structures that differ from reported speech. For example: Original Statement I will come to your party. I promise. Reported Speech He said he would come to my party. Reporting Verb He promised to come to my party. In this example, reported speech changes the original verb to would as well as changing the possessive pronoun your to my. In contrast, the reporting verb promise is simply followed by the infinitive. There are a number of formulas used with reporting verbs. Use the chart below to identify the structure required.   The following list gives you reporting verbs in various categories based on sentence structure. Note that a number of verbs can take more than one form. verb object infinitive verb infinitive verb (that) verb gerund verb object preposition gerund verb preposition gerund adviseencourageinviteremindwarn agreedecideofferpromiserefusethreaten admitagreedecidedenyexplaininsistpromiserecommendsuggest denyrecommendsuggest accuseblamecongratulate apologizeinsist Examples:Jack encouraged me to look for a new job.They invited all their friends to attend the presentation.Bob warned his friend not to open the can of worms.I advised the students to study carefully for the test. Examples:She offered to give him a lift to work.My brother refused to take no for an answer.Mary decided to attend university.He threatened to sue the company. Examples:Tom admitted (that) he had tried to leave early.She agreed (that) we needed to reconsider our plans.The teacher insisted that he didnt give enough homework.Our manager suggested we take some time off work. Examples:He denied having anything to do with her.Ken suggested studying early in the morning.Alice recommends playing golf in Bend, Oregon. Examples:They accused the boys of cheating on the exam.She blamed her husband for missing the train.The mother congratulated her daughter on graduating from college. Examples:He apologized for being late.She insisted on doing the washing up.Peter apologized for interrupting the meeting. For more information on reported speech, this overview of  reported speech  provides a guide on which transformations are required to use the form. Practice using this form with the  reported speech worksheet   that provides a quick review and exercise. Theres also a  reported speech quiz  which provides immediate feedback on correct or incorrect answers. Teachers can use this guide on  how to teach reported speech  for help introducing the reported speech, as well as a  reported speech lesson plan  and other resources.

Holden Caulfield´s Innocence and Purity in The Catcher in...

In a society filled with impureness, Holden Caulfield searches for purity and innocence in everyone around him. Lonely, affectionate, and judgmental, Holden is the narrator and protagonist of The Catcher in the Rye. His actions and the way he acts reveals that Holden is very lonely, and is longing for human companionship. Holden is somewhat mature above his age, but still desires pleasures like any other teenage boy. After meeting people, Holden becomes very judgemental about the way people act. Theses traits all come together at the end and put Holden into a psychiatric institution, living a few miles away from his big brother. Throughout the entire story, Holden tells the reader that he is very lonesome, but never actually does†¦show more content†¦Her mother knew my mother, and I could picture her breaking a goddam leg to get to the phone and tell my mother I was in New York. Besides, I wasnt crazy about talking to old Mrs. Hayes on the phone. She once told Sally I was wild. She said I was wild and that I had no direction in life. Then I thought of calling up this guy that went to the Whooton School when I was there, Carl Luce, but I didnt like him much. So I ended up not calling anybody.† (pg.59) This passage shows how there are many people that he is able to phone but chooses not to, because he is afraid to talk to them. Holden is like a cactus, tough and painful on the outside but still soft inside. Through his tough exterior, Holden still does wants friends just like any other teenager. Feeling compulsion for affection Holden respects women to a certain degree, and does know his boundaries. He is a sex crazed 16 year old, who admits, â€Å"Sex is something I just dont understand. I swear to God I dont.† (pg.63) He does not what to have sex with a girl he cares about, because he feels that it will turn her into an object. When he has a urge for sex, he would like to have it with a girl he doesnt care about or not fulfill that urge. For Holden it is very difficult to get close with a girl, unless he knows and likes her very much. When the chance finally arrived to fulfilling his urge with Sunny the prostitute, he shut that down because he would have rather just talked. When he said toShow MoreRelated Catcher in the Rye Essay: Holden - The Misfit Hero2101 Words   |  9 Pagesof The Catcher In The Rye      Ã‚     The Catcher In The Rye by J.D. Salinger was published in 1951. A recurring theme in J.D. Salingers stories concerns people who dont fit in with the traditional American Culture. Salingers misfit heroes, unlike the rest of society, are caught in the struggle between a superficial world and a conscious morality (1 Wildermuth). In his attempt to create a new and realistic portrayal of the times, Salinger first, effectively creates Holden Caulfield, the mainRead MoreCatcher in the Rye4413 Words   |  18 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye â€Å"Is The Catcher in the Rye, as a work of literature still relevant for today’s youth?† Name: Sara Sigurdson Course: English A1 Supervisor: Mr. Peter Steadman Word count: 3851 Candidate number: 00136022 Table of Contents Content Page Number Abstract 3 Introduction 4 The Actual Catcher in the Rye 4 The Sexual Matter 5 The Caulfield Family 6 Narrator and Protagonist 8 Role Model 9 Mr. Antolini 10 Targeted Audience 10 Guidance 12 Read MoreHolden s Journey Toward Maturity2555 Words   |  11 PagesAdditionally, Holden is constantly looking for answers to where the ducks go when not at the lagoon. For instance, â€Å"Do you happen to know where they go, the ducks when it gets all frozen over?† (Salinger 60). Holden’s concern for where the ducks go proves his anxiety and Holden feels he lacks anywhere safe to head to go in the world. Holden shows a growing ability to adapt to adult life. He also says people cannot rely on others to help them and sometimes people just have to do things without theRead MoreCatcher Rye And Perfect Day For Bananafish1562 Words   |  7 Pages The Catcher in The Rye and Perfect Day For Bananafish In â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye†,by J.D Salinger, Holden Caulfield, a troubled 16 year old boy who constantly gets kicked out of every school takes it upon himself to become â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye†, in reality not being real occupation but an idea he chose to adopt for himself after he heard a little boy singing in the street. The catcher in the Rye can be described in Holden’s perspective as a person, almost like a hero that helps childrenRead MoreSummary Of Salinger s The Rye 2149 Words   |  9 Pagesof Innocence in Salinger’s Novel In today’s world innocence is a difficult quality to achieve and maintain because of the corruption that exists everywhere among us. Many say that children are the most innocent of beings. However, a child can never be shielded by the danger and risk that constantly encompasses them in our society today. Children are subjected to this world and once they are exposed to the corruption it is difficult to maintain the innocence that they once embodied. In J.D. Salinger’sRead MoreAnalysis of A Catcher In the Ryes Holden Caulfield: Enemy of Himself1686 Words   |  7 PagesJerome David Salinger’s only novel, The Catcher in the Rye, is based on the life events shaping main character, Holden Caulfield, into the troubled teen that is telling the story in 1950. The theme of the story is one of emotional disconnection felt by the alienated teenagers of this time period. The quote, â€Å" I didn’t know anyone there that was splendid and clear thinking and all† (Salinger 4) sets the tone that Holden cannot find a connection with anyone around him and that he is on a lonely endeavorRead MoreA Pessimistic Adolescent Is Not What Most Consider A Reliable Narrator1295 Words   |  6 PagesA pessimistic adolescent is not what most consider a reliable narrator, but author J.D. Salinger challenges this commonly held thought with his coming-of-age novel The Catcher in the Rye. The reader is introduced to Holden Caulfield, a secondary school junior that is outcasted and aimless upon expulsion from yet another preparatory school in a post-World War II world. Salinger weaves a myriad of comparisons of genuinity and disingenuousness into his work, each explored through a facet of Caulfield’sRead MoreEssay on Meaningful Symbols in the Rye by J.D Salinger537 Words   |  3 Pages Catcher in the Rye†, by J.D Salinger, is about a boy named Holden Caulfield. He thinks the adult world is a bunch of â€Å"phonies.† The novel c ontains many key symbols that help develop the novel, and to help show Holden Caulfield’s point of view on the way he sees the world. Three of these key symbols include: Holden Caulfield’s red hunting hat, the ducks in the Central Park lagoon, and The Museum of Natural History. One of the most important and recognizable symbolsRead MoreLoss of Childhood Innocence: the Transition to Adulthood2831 Words   |  12 Pageschildhood innocence as children enter into the adult world. Some say that society can change and take a turn for the better, and though it may not be filled with honest, pure hearted people, it can be more genuine and more about the heart and less about success and materialistic pursuits. Others say that society cannot change and that it will continue to be corrupt and filled with selfish individuals, regardless of whether or not there are a few who are truly honest. In J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Catcher In The Rye1437 Words   |  6 PagesIn The Catcher in the Rye, J.D. Salinger explores a teenage boy s struggle with adolescence after the death of his brother. The story is told from the perspective of Holden Caulfield, who discusses his recent past from a psychiatric hospital. Throughout the novel, Salinger explores how Caulfield copes with the grief of his brother Allie s death, and how he projects his emotions to the outside world and on everyone else around him. Specially, Caulfield manages his emotions by alienating himself

Environmental Issues

Question: Provide the range of environmental issues potentially arising from electricity supply and use, and methods for assessing them. Answer: As per the research, there have been different environmental issues that are erupting due to the supply of the electricity. The water usage has been increasing as the population increase with the major concern of drought all over the world. There have been steam cycle plants which need a higher water supply for the cooling and the increased boiler temperature. (Zhou e al., 2015). The thermal cycle plants have been the major option for the use of sea water. The coal and the gas fired boilers can be the major reason for the depletion of the water as they have a higher steam temperature which requires less cooling. The exhaustion and the excessive use of fossil fuels allow the electricity generation but can be the major reason for the manufacturing of plastics with the emission of carbon dioxide in the air. The result has been only the increase in the temperature of earth with the greenhouse effect that contributes directly to global warming. The nuclear power plants are not able to co mpress the problem of fossil fuels. There have been emission at the time of mining, enrichment and the fuel transport which is seen to be effective for the emission of radioactivity. The control is generally through the regulations with certain abnormal operations. (Miller et al., 2015). Hence, for the proper assess of the environmental issues, there is a need to focus on the renewable source of energy which are able to handle the electricity generation and fuels with releasing enough of carbon dioxide and the greenhouse gas that contribute to the change in climate. The hydroelectric systems have been efficient to handle the elimination for the fuel cost. The major advantage is related to the long life with the lower operating costs which provide the facility setup for water sports. The operations are pumped in the storage plant which improves the generation system as well as handle the electricity that is generated from the fossil fuels or the nuclear energy. There is a need to foc us on reducing the demand for the emission intensive goods and services. The increased efficiency has been through the end-use and supply distribution which can save both money and the emissions. (Brook et al., 2015).The priority has been set which includes the effect of fuel that has been from the mines and the dealing of the wastes. There are certain ordinary operating procedures which ensure that there has been no significant water pollution. There have been different areas which are destructed and needs an immediate rehabilitation. The situations related to this are like the small amounts of radioactivity which has been released in the atmosphere with the coal fire and the nuclear power stations. (Gemechu et al., 2015).There have been small amounts of the radioactivity which release to the atmosphere from the coal fired and the nuclear power stations. Hence, there have been issues related to the combustion of coal. There have been actions on the non-energy emissions which has th e land-use or the non-carbon dioxide industrial emissions. The switching to the lower carbon technologies for the power and the transport is set for the gas carbon capture and storage. The major focus has been on the electric industry emission reduction which particularly interests the energy efficiency within electricity to build environment and the lower emission fossil fuel generation. The emerging renewable energy technologies and the carbon capture and storage has been for the coal. (Igos et al., 2015). There are geosequestration options with the extensive experience for the injecting of carbon dioxide which sets for the enhancement of the recovery from the depleting oil. There are limited experience with the injecting of CO2.There have been different abatement options like the energy supply sector, transport, buildings, industry, agriculture, forestry and the wastes which are important for properly improving the supply and distribution. The more fuel efficient vehicles are ava ilable with the use of public transport to less the pollution with the focus on forest management. The carbon capture and storage for the gas has been for generating facilities with the advancement in the nuclear power and the second generation of biofuels. (Hahn et al., 2015). The integrated design has been including technologies with the advanced energy efficiency and improvement of crop yields. The options set for the energy efficiency and the renewables are based on the lower emm fossil fuel techs where the micro cogen energy has been still emerging. This set for certain environmental benefits with the secured carbon dioxide abatement with the lower release of the GHG emissions. Describe our technical options for addressing key environmental and wider sustainability issues, in particular the challenges of climate change.There have been certain market based policies which are set for the voluntary restraint with the ability to properly regulate the decisions. The market based en vironmental markets generally take the advantage of the competitive pressure on the participants which respond to regulate the set target. The transferring of decision making process with avoiding the interactions has been set between different policy measures. (Christopher, 2016). There are challenges which relate to the market based policies that have an inevitable complexity to match the commercial market. There are certain potential measures in the energy supply where there is a need to manage the fossil fuel subsidies and the taxes or the carbon charges. The feed-in tariffs and the renewable energy options are for holding the producer subsidies that direct to provide a benchmark information with certain performance standards. There have been technical status that directs to the energy efficacy options which are considerable for improving the technology. The renewables are set for the mature establishment and emerging of the wind. The lower emm fossil fuel techs are generally t he off-the-shelf CCGT and the Cogen plants where the micro cogen technology has been emerging highly. The nuclear established plants and the Gen III designs are growing up with the implementation for the carbon captures. The demonstration of the projects has not been implemented yet. (Hong et al., 2015).There are nuclear power technology scenarios for handling the industrial power for managing the spent reactor fuel. This is able to store the waste when the fuel has been completely used once. The thermal reactors are with settled with reprocessing in the closed fuel cycle that has a balanced closed fast reactor. The setup has been through the repeated recycling of the plutonium and other elements. There have been technologies which are for the global climate system altering the scale, duration and the intensity. The technologies are modern according to the industrial revolution which introduce the new crop hybrids and a better use of the scarce water. (Redlinger et al., 2016). The coastal zones and adaptation measures are set to social and legal acceptability methods that direct to cost effectiveness. There are certain technologies for the adaption of the climate change:Establish priorities for these options through a multi-disciplinary technology assessment framework and incorporate them into sustainable energy scenarios.Considering the change in the environment, there have been present energy drivers for holding the rapid technological development that directs to the small scale technologies and renewables. (Fahimnia et al., 2015). There have been market restructuring and the competitive generation investment with the growing energy security concern. The multidisciplinary aspects of the environmental, economic and the social assessment framework related to the policy development and assessing the sustainability. There are different examples which are set in accordance to offer the new perspectives to have a major impact on the assessment for planning and decision making. (Hertwich et al., 2015). The sustainability is directed to help in decision making and the policy making which works on deciding over different actions. There have been goals of the sustainability that pursue for proper planning and the optimal contribution growth. The demands are set depending upon the dimensions and perceptions. The major challenges for the sustainability are related to identify the scientific based and the policy based lines with the capability to perform the knowledge and solution in the trans-disciplinary setting. (Twidell et al., 2015). The methodological framework is based on assessing the new ideas and policy that direct to hold values along with analyzing that no decision variables have been neglected. There are certain uncertainties in innovation which have been acquired under the public and private resources. The risk management strategies include the risk based technology assessments with certain diversification and the flexibility choic e. The exploration is based on handling the key challenges which direct to the scenario analysis for exploring the sustainability driven technologies. (Moss et al., 2016).With the social and economic changes, there have been advancement in the complex system analysis with the understanding to couple the human environment conditions. The transformational agenda is mainly to research the community for the needs along with identifying the problems of sustainability. The possibility of transcending is set based on systematic design as well as mapping to the long range phenomenon. With the understanding of complex problems, there are functional integration of different methodologies for the coproduction of knowledge and participation with strong links. There have been relevant values and perceptions to identify the normative functions that direct to the sustainability assessment. (Miller et al., 2015). The essential consideration that have been taken into account are the dynamics of cur rent trends with proper interaction of the risks, uncertainties and the activities. The adequate scope for addressing the short term and the long term effects are based on current policy decisions and the frameworks for effective communication. Assess the effectiveness of current and proposed Australian energy and climate policies in driving the electricity industry towards more sustainable outcomes, with particular climate change.Considering the changing trend of the electricity prices, there have been variations which reflect the investment in the poles and wires to ensure the reliable supply to the customers. There have been carbon taxes and the other environmental policies like the feed-in-tariffs to handle the inflation price. The network costs are important for the determination of cost of the supplying electricity. The network is set for the ageing network infrastructure. (Gomez-Exposito et al., 2016).There are changes set for the network investments that permit the rate of r eturn for the investments with the lower whole sale prices which are expected to result through the modest declines or the stabilized retail prices. In Australia, the cross subsidies and the cost reflective tariffs are important for handling the electricity market reform which gives a great power to manage the energy with the demand on network terms. The Australian Government has been working on the rapid reductions in the PV prices which combine with the higher price of electricity. The consumers who are without the distributed generation are set through analyzing price signals and advanced metering. The cost reflection tariff management is where there are effective and time consumer access for the data. The system setup has been through handling the national standard of living by assuring the export of LNG, coal and uranium. Australia has been able to manage the climatic change through the Direct Action plan where there are Emissions Reduction Fund for the reduced greenhouse gas e mission. The commitment for the Renewable Energy Target has been to deliver the 20% of Australian energy which will be a part of meeting the ERF. This encourages the investments with the efficient generation of electricity, technology and the energy productivity. (Aman et al., 2015). This contribute to the longer term climate change emission targets. The energy technologies and the markets generally change quickly. The focus has been on the energy markets with the environmental markets set for emission trading and the renewable obligations. There are wider policy frameworks to achieve the innovation in technology and energy efficiency through the policy frameworks and regulations. The key decision making is the investment to establish markets with the potential loss of control and land use. The key issues of the market approach are integrated and credible for handling the project additionally and leakage of emissions. Reference Zhou, Y., Hejazi, M., Smith, S., Edmonds, J., Li, H., Clarke, L., Calvin, K. and Thomson, A., 2015. A comprehensive view of global potential for hydro-generated electricity. Energy Environmental Science, 8(9), pp.2622-2633.Miller, S., Shemer, H. and Semiat, R., 2015. Energy and environmental issues in desalination. Desalination, 366, pp.2-8.Brook, B.W. and Bradshaw, C.J., 2015. Key role for nuclear energy in global biodiversity conservation. Conservation Biology, 29(3), pp.702-712.Gemechu, E.D., Sonnemann, G. and Young, S.B., 2015. Geopolitical-related supply risk assessment as a complement to environmental impact assessment: the case of electric vehicles. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, pp.1-9.Igos, E., Rugani, B., Rege, S., Benetto, E., Drouet, L. and Zachary, D.S., 2015. Combination of equilibrium models and hybrid life cycle-inputoutput analysis to predict the environmental impacts of energy policy scenarios.Applied Energy, 145, pp.234-245.Hahn, H., Hartmann, K., Bhle, L. and Wachendorf, M., 2015. Comparative life cycle assessment of biogas plant configurations for a demand oriented biogas supply for flexible power generation. Bioresource technology, 179, pp.348-358.Christopher, M., 2016. Logistics supply chain management. Pearson Higher Ed.Hong, S., Bradshaw, C.J. and Brook, B.W., 2015. Global zero-carbon energy pathways using viable mixes of nuclear and renewables. Applied Energy,143, pp.451-459.Redlinger, R., Andersen, P. and Morthorst, P., 2016. Wind energy in the 21st century: Economics, policy, technology, and the changing electricity industry. Springer.Fahimnia, B., Tang, C.S., Davarzani, H. and Sarkis, J., 2015. Quantitative models for managing supply chain risks: A review. European Journal of Operational Research, 247(1), pp.1-15.Hertwich, E.G., Gibon, T., Bouman, E.A., Arvesen, A., Suh, S., Heath, G.A., Bergesen, J.D., Ramirez, A., Vega, M.I. and Shi, L., 2015. Integrated life-cycle assessment of electricity-supply scenarios confirms global environmental benefit of low-carbon technologies. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(20), pp.6277-6282.Twidell, J. and Weir, T., 2015. Renewable energy resources. Routledge.Moss, T. and Marvin, S., 2016. Urban infrastructure in transition: networks, buildings and plans. Routledge.Gmez-Expsito, A., Conejo, A.J. and Caizares, C. eds., 2016. Electric energy systems: analysis and operation. CRC Press.Miller, S., Shemer, H. and Semiat, R., 2015. Energy and environmental issues in desalination. Desalination, 366, pp.2-8.Aman, M.M., Solangi, K.H., Hossain, M.S., Badarudin, A., Jasmon, G.B., Mokhlis, H., Bakar, A.H.A. and Kazi, S.N., 2015. A review of Safety, Health and Environmental (SHE) issues of solar energy system. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 41, pp.1190-1204.

Business Risk Management Business Stakeholders

Question: Describe about the Business Risk Management for Business Stakeholders. Answer: Risk treatments of Gold Coast 600 Car Racing Event 2016 Racing event is an overwhelming event that attracts several stakeholders. These stakeholders are; participants, sponsors, spectators and organizers. The event is accompanied with extreme activities that expose the stakeholders to several risks (Loiacono and Togelius, 2007). The following report outlines the risk treatments option to be applied in the Gold Coast car racing event in 2016. The following are risks identified in the report of managing risk of Gold Coast car racing event; Hearing risk Car crash Fire Inhalation of fumes Crushing of spectators off road Treatment Options The following section contains options that can be used to control the risks identified in the event. The treatment options are associated with the strategies that can be used to manage the risks and ensure that the events goal is reached in a safety way possible. Wearing hearing protective gears This treatment will enable the drivers and spectators who are in the event to reduce the risk of damaging their ears. The event is accompanied with loud noise from the cars and music in the event. The loud noise can cause damage to participants and spectators and there is need to reduce the risk of it happening. Both participants and spectators should wear earplugs to protect their ears. These earplugs will ensure that excessive noise does not cause harm to the ears of the people attending the event. The strategy in this risk will be mitigation aimed at reducing it from happening as the event happens. Avoiding fire This treatment option is meant to avoid occurrences of fire in the event when an accident occurs. The participating cars should be fitted with new advanced fuel tanks that dont leak even when an accident occurs (Koc, 2016). These tanks will ensure that no fire is to be experienced in the events even when car crashes happens. By using this treatment option, the event will avoid risk of fire in the event. Fire is risk and can cause the accidents in the event fatal. Therefore, it will be important for the event to adopt avoidance strategy in this case in managing fire risk. This will be made possible by ensuring that the participating cars are fitted with modern fuel tank as a requirement. Accepting car crash The event is associated with high speeding from drivers to seek championship. This will lead to a high risk of cars crashing either by hitting walls or crashing on one another. The drivers have a desire to finish the race and can hold the responsibility of reducing crash on their own. Crashing will make participating drivers to lose the race. Therefore, the event risk management plan will treat this risk as acceptable. Avoiding crushing off road spectators This treatment option involves strategies that will reduce the risk of racing cars from crushing the cheering fans. It will be done by ensuring that the racing ways are clear and no spectators cross the walls. This will be facilitated by communicating to the fans the danger of crossing the walls and the risk they face. Therefore, mitigation strategy is will pursed in this risk management to ensure that the risk is minimized (Crouhy, Galai and Mark, 2000). Reduction of Inhalation of fumes There is a great risk of participations inhaling contaminated gases in the event. This could be from burning rubbers from the racing vehicles tires. This is as a result of over speeding or drafting of the cars by the drivers in strive to win the race. These fumes can lead to choking effects to the participations and can cause them to collapse if they are severe. This risk can advance and lead to severe health deterioration. Therefore, it is important that risk is transferred or shared because it can become expensive to the event. Recommendations From the above discussed treatment options, I can recommend the following to enhance the effectiveness of the strategies outlined in the report; Communication: Communication to all stakeholders about the risks and the strategies formulated is highly recommended. Communication reduces risk by making all parties aware and conscious about the likelihood of a risk happening (Das and Das, 2006). This will reduce chances of a risk happening in the event. Health checkup: To minimize hearing complications, drivers and spectators are advised to visit doctors to for checkups. This will reduce the chances of the healing problem either advancing or happening. Fire extinguishers: The event is recommended to be prepared with fire extinguishers in case fire breaks up. Though there is a mitigation to reduce fire from erupting, it important for the event to have fire extinguishers to put off fire in case the worst happens and avoids fatal accidents. Wearing of safety masks. These will prevent the drivers from inhaling the fumes from the cars rubber tires when they burn. References Crouhy, M., Galai, D. and Mark, R. (2000). Risk management. New York: McGraw Hill. Das, S. and Das, S. (2006). Risk management. Singapore: John Wiley Sons. Encyclopedia of stock car racing. (2013). Choice Reviews Online, 51(01), pp.51-0004-51-0004. Koc, E. (2016). Risk and safety management in the leisure, events, tourism and sports industries. Tourism Management, 54, pp.296-297. Loiacono, D. and Togelius, J. (2007). Competitions @ WCCI-2008. ACM SIGEVOlution, 2(4), pp.35-36. Powles, T. (2003). Risk factors, treatment options and follow-up. The Breast, 12, p.S5. Togelius, J. (2008). The simulated car racing competition @ CIG-2008. ACM SIGEVOlution, 3(3), pp.17-18.